Ultimate Guide: Voltage Stabilizer Block Diagram, Working Principle and Its Types

This article will show you the functional block diagram for the voltage stabilizer. This article will cover the basic concepts of the stabilizer functioning principle, stabilizer block diagram, and types of voltage stabilizers.

A voltage stabilizer's main purpose is to maintain a steady voltage for electronic and electrical appliances. The voltage stabilizer provides a stable voltage at its output regardless of whether it receives an unstable or stable input voltage.

A voltage stabilizer, for example, is designed to deliver 230V at its output. It will therefore provide continuous 230V output, regardless of whether it is receiving input voltages 200V or 300V.

Stabilizer Block Diagram and Work

A voltage stabilizer works on a simple principle. Its main purpose is to maintain stable output voltage by increasing/ decreasing the voltage level depending on the unstable input voltage. The block diagram for Voltage Stabilizer can be seen in the following figure.

Diagram of the voltage stabilizer block

The Autotransformer, as you can see from the block diagram above, is the main component of any stabilizer that allows voltage to increase or decrease.

Some electronic circuitry is also used to detect fluctuations in input voltage, and to control the electromagnetic relay. The Comparator is a device that measures the input voltage and output voltage and then compares them to decide how much voltage to increase or decrease to maintain the output voltage constant.

If the input voltage drops below the normal value, the comparator will sense this and send the signal to the switch circuit to activate the electromagnetic relay to add more voltage to the transformer. The output voltage will not change if the input voltage drops below the normal value.

If the input voltage is higher than normal, an electromagnetic relay will switch on. It steps down the voltage by the autotransformer to normal and then the output voltage stays stable at the normal.

Two operations are used to operate the voltage stabilizer: Buck operation and Boost operation.

The Boost operation is when the input voltage drops to stabilize the output voltage.

Buck operation is when the input voltage exceeds the normal value. The stabilizer reduces the voltage to maintain the output voltage constant.

Stabilizer Types

There are three main types of voltage stabilizers.

1. Relay types Voltage Stabilizer

2. Servo Controlled Voltage Stabilizer

3. Static Voltage Stabilizer

Many electromagnetic relays are used in a relay-type voltage stabilizer. They are connected to the transformer tapping. They are turned on one at a time to control the output voltage and maintain it.

Relay types stabilizers do not allow for accurate voltage stabilization.

The Servo-controlled stabilizer uses the Servomotor to move the tap on the secondary side of the transformer. The servo motor controls the tap on the secondary side of the transformer. The servo-controlled voltage stabilizer provides more accurate voltage stabilizing than the traditional relay type stabilizer.

The static voltage stabilizer doesn't have moving parts. It uses semiconductor devices like IGBT, SCR, and Microcontroller to control the transformer that stabilizes the voltage. Static voltage stabilizers provide greater precision in voltage stabilizing.